What is the difference between observation and perception?

The distinction between observation and perception is primarily found in the process of interpreting information. Observation involves the straightforward act of noticing or recording facts as they are presented, relying on direct sensory input without making judgments. This means that observations are based on tangible, verifiable details that can be universally agreed upon.

Perception, on the other hand, comprises the cognitive processes that occur after noticing those facts. It involves interpreting and assigning meaning to what has been observed based on personal experiences, beliefs, and biases. This can lead to differing interpretations among individuals, even when they are observing the same set of facts. Therefore, while observation is about recognizing concrete elements, perception constitutes the understanding and comprehension of those elements, making it a more complex mental process. This depth in interpreting observations highlights the key difference stated in the correct choice.