Which amendment protects a person's property rights?

The amendment that primarily protects a person's property rights is indeed the Fifth Amendment. This amendment includes several important provisions that address property rights, particularly through the concepts of due process and the protection against the taking of private property for public use without just compensation, known as the "Takings Clause." This means that the government cannot seize an individual's property without providing fair payment, thereby safeguarding people's rights to their property.

While the Fourth Amendment is relevant in terms of protecting individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, which does imply some protection of property, it does not explicitly address property rights in the same comprehensive manner as the Fifth Amendment. The First Amendment focuses on freedoms related to speech, religion, and assembly, and the Third Amendment deals with the quartering of soldiers, which does not pertain directly to property rights. Thus, the Fifth Amendment stands out as the key constitutional provision protecting individual property rights.